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This article presents the history of the archaeological research of Paleolithic sites in southern Kazakhstan in Central Asia. In this paper, we present the results of the archaeological expeditions in South Kazakhstan including the technical and typological methods of stone tools study and the work of the joint Russian – Kazakh archaeological expedition, led by A.P. Derevianko, V.T.Petrin (Russia) and Zh.K. Taimagambetov (Kazakhstan) who worked in two directions: the survey and the analysis of stratified Paleolithic complexes. The discovery of Paleolithic monuments point out to the earliest periods of Central Asia. Paleolithic sites of Kazakhstan got for the first time absolute dates on the basis of the research made at the sites of Koshkorgan and Shoktas.