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This comprehensive literature review explores the integral role of mental health and well-being within the framework of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Recognizing the interconnectedness of mental health with global development objectives, this review systematically examines existing research to identify how mental health considerations are integrated across all SDGs. Through a meticulous search strategy involving multiple databases and the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, this review synthesizes findings from diverse sources to illustrate the multifaceted relationship between mental health and sustainable development. Key findings reveal significant intersections between mental health and each SDG, highlighting areas where mental health is both impacted by and contributes to the achievement of sustainable development objectives. This review further discusses the implications of these findings for policy, practice, and future research, emphasizing the need for incorporating mental health considerations into SDG initiatives and advocating for multi-sectoral collaboration. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research at the nexus of mental health and the SDGs, this article aims to inform policy-makers, practitioners, and researchers about the critical importance of mental health in achieving global sustainability goals.