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This comprehensive literature review explores the integration of sustainability education within the health sciences, emphasizing its critical role in addressing contemporary global health challenges. By synthesizing findings from a diverse array of sources, this review examines pedagogical strategies, curriculum developments, and the competencies necessary for embedding sustainability into health sciences education. It highlights the impact of sustainability education on students' and professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards sustainable practices in healthcare. Furthermore, the review identifies the barriers to incorporating sustainability into educational frameworks and the opportunities that innovative educational approaches offer for overcoming these challenges. Through the analysis of case studies and exemplars, effective practices and lessons learned are discussed, providing valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and practitioners. The review concludes with recommendations for future research directions and practical suggestions for enhancing the integration of sustainability into health sciences education, aiming to better prepare healthcare professionals for advocating and applying sustainable practices within their fields. This work underscores the importance of sustainability education in cultivating a healthcare workforce capable of contributing to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and addressing the complex interplay between health and environmental sustainability.