The aim of this study is to determine the understanding levels of prospective science teachers related to some basic science concepts. In this study it was used survey method. Research sample is consist of 170 prospective science teacher from the first (N=54), the second (N=24), the third (N=56) and the forth (N=36) level of science teacher education program of Mustafa Kemal University. It was used a test (Science Concept Test- SCT) which contain 15 open-ended questions related to physics, chemistry and biology of sub-field of science in order to collect data. For the validity of the SCT, it was applied to expert view. In order to provide reliability of the SCT, it was compared answerer consistency. In order to analyze data, it was used descriptive statistics, percentage, frequency rate and one-way ANOVA. According to the ANOVA results, there was a significance difference among class levels of science teacher education program (p<0.05). With reference to this, understanding levels of prospective science teachers of the third and the fourth class was higher than the first and the second class of prospective science teachers. In addition, it was seen that prospective science teachers have some misconceptions related to basic science concepts. It thought that most science concepts are abstract and for this reason, prospective science teachers cannot revive these concepts as correctly in their mind.