This systematic literature review thoroughly explores the integration of robotics in mathematics education, centralizing its focus on empirical studies. The survey used a research methodology based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) to discover 57 papers relating to the use of robotics in mathematics education from the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases. After applying specific selection criteria, only 13 studies were chosen for the analysis. The findings highlight the positive effect of robotics on students' mathematical achievement and attitudes, highlighting improvements in comprehension, problem-solving abilities, and general interest in mathematics. However, the review also identifies challenges, such as conceptual understanding difficulties and resource constraints, which must be navigated for successful implementation. This comprehensive analysis not only emphasizes the significance of integrating robotics in mathematics education but also provides practical insights for educators and policymakers. By addressing the identified challenges and exploring into specific mathematical subdomains, educators can leverage robotics to create immersive and effective learning experiences. This synthesis of research provides a foundation for future educational practices, enriching mathematics education through innovative robotics integration.