E-learners face many challenges, such as motivation, time management, and self-monitoring. Previous studies reported that acquiring computer programming skills is challenging and might result in high dropout rates (Takacs et al., 2022). Previous studies indicated that dropping out of computer programming learning is related to learning motivation (Law, Geng, 2019; Chi, Zhang, Shi, 2023), academic achievements (Emily, 2023), interest in the subject (Geisler, Rolka, Rach, 2023), intra-individual changes in intrinsic value (Schnettler et al., 2020) and other learner characteristics (Boyaci, 2019).

A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the role of different factors in dropping out of an e-based computer programming course. This study applied a knowledge in programming assessment test (20 multiple-choice questions covering the following topics: variables, loops, conditionals, functions, and general knowledge of Python), The Learning Motivating Factors Questionnaire (Law et al., 2010), The Big Five-2 (Soto & John, 2017),  and The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction & Frustration Scale (Chen et al., 2015). The sample consisted of 94 computer programming e-learners (38 males and 56 females) completed the course, while 305 participants started it. The mean age of e-learners was 29.96 years (SD 8.27), age range = 18 to 54.

The results showed that e-learners who completed the course had higher initial knowledge assessment scores than those who dropped out after the first assessment. Reward and recognition as a motivator were significantly higher in males who completed the course than those who dropped out after the second knowledge assessment. Extraversion was significantly lower in females who completed the course than those who dropped after the first or second knowledge assessment test. Relatedness frustration was significantly higher in those who dropped out after the first knowledge assessment. Due to significant limitations of the sample size, cultural context, measures applied, and research design, the findings would preferably be regarded with caution.